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high precision 10 v ic reference ad581 rev. c information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?2009 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features laser trimmed to high accuracy 10.000 v 5 mv (l and u models) trimmed temperature coefficient 5 ppm/c maximum, 0c to 70c (l model) 10 ppm/c maximum, ?55c to +125c (u model) excellent long-term stability 25 ppm/1000 hrs (noncumulative) ?10 v reference capability low quiescent current: 1.0 ma maximum 10 ma current output capability 3-pin to-5 package mil-std-883 compliant versions available functional block diagram to-5 bottom view +v s v out gnd ad581 08014-001 figure 1. general description the ad581 is a 3-pin, temperature compensated, monolithic, band ga p voltage reference that provides a precise 10.00 v output from an unregulated input level ranging from 12 v to 30 v. laser wafer trimming (lwt) is used to trim both the initial error at +25c as well as the temperature coefficient, resulting in high precision performance previously available only in expen- sive hybrids or oven regulated modules. the 5 mv initial error tolerance and 5 ppm/c guaranteed temperature coefficient of the ad581l is available in a monolithic voltage reference. the band gap circuit design used in the ad581 offers several advantages over classical zener breakdown diode techniques. most important, no external components are required to achieve full accuracy and significant stability to low power systems. in addition, total supply current to the device, including the output buffer amplifier (which can supply up to 10 ma) is typically 750 a. the long-term stability of the band gap design is equivalent to selected zener reference diodes. the ad581 is recommended for use as a reference for 8-, 10- or 12-bit digital-to-analog converters (dacs) that require an external precision reference. the device is also ideal for all types of analog-to-digital converters (adcs) up to 14-bit accuracy, either successive approximation or integrating designs, and can generally offer better performance than that provided by standard self-contained references. the ad581j, ad581k, and ad581l are specified for operation from 0c to 70c; the ad581s, ad581t, and ad581u are specified for the ?55c to +125c range. all grades are packaged in a hermetically sealed 3-pin to-5 metal can. product highlights 1. laser trimming of both initial accuracy and temperature coefficient results in very low errors over temperature without the use of external components. the ad581l has a maximum deviation from 10.000 v of 7.25 mv from 0c to 70c, whereas the ad581u guarantees 15 mv maximum total error without external trims from ?55c to +125c. 2. because the laser trimming is done on the wafer prior to separation into individual chips, the ad581 is extremely valuable to hybrid designers for its ease of use, lack of required external trims, and inherent high performance. 3. the ad581 can also be operated in a 2-pin zener mode to provide a precision ?10 v reference with just one external resistor to the unregulated supply. the performance in this mode is nearly equal to that of the standard 3-pin confi- guration. 4. advanced circuit design using the band gap concept allows the ad581 to give full performance with an unregulated input voltage down to 13 v. with an external resistor, the device operates with a supply as low as 11.4 v. 5. the ad581 is available in versions compliant with milstd-883. refer to the military datasheet for detailed specifications.
ad581 rev. c | page 2 of 12 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 product highlights ........................................................................... 1 revision history ............................................................................... 2 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 5 esd caution .................................................................................. 5 applying th e ad581 ......................................................................... 6 voltage variation vs. temperature ............................................. 6 output current characteristics ...................................................7 dynamic performance ..................................................................7 precision high current supply ...................................................8 connection for reduced primary supply ..................................8 the ad581 as a current limiter .....................................................9 negative 10 v reference ...............................................................9 10 v reference with multiplying cmos dacs or adcs .......9 precision 12-bit dac reference .................................................9 outline dimensions ........................................................................ 11 ordering guide ........................................................................... 11 revision history 4/09rev. b to rev. c updated format .................................................................. universal changes to table 1 ............................................................................ 3 changes to figure 2 .......................................................................... 6 changes to figure 11 ........................................................................ 8 changes to 10 v reference with multiplying cmos dacs or adcs section ............................................................................... 9 changes to precision 12-bit dac reference section .................. 9 changes to figure 13 ........................................................................ 9 changes to figure 15 and figure 16 ............................................. 10 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 11 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 11
ad581 rev. c | page 3 of 12 specifications @ v in = +15 v and t a = +25c. specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. all minimum and maximum specifications are guaranteed, although only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units. table 1. model ad581j ad581k ad581l units min typ max min typ max min typ max output voltage tolerance (error from nominal 10,000 v output) 30 10 5 mv output voltage change maximum deviation from +25c 13.5 6.75 2.25 mv value, t min to t max temperature coefficient 30 15 5 ppm/c line regulation 15 v v in 30 v 3.0 3.0 3.0 mv (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) %/v 13 v v in 15 v 1.0 1.0 1.0 mv (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) %/v load regulation 0 i out 5 ma 200 500 200 500 200 500 v/ma quiescent current 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 ma turn-on settling time to 0.1% 1 200 200 200 s noise (0.1 hz to 10 hz) 40 40 40 v (p-p) long-term stability 25 25 25 ppm/1000 hr short-circuit current 30 30 30 ma output current source @ +25c 10 10 10 ma source t min to t max 5 5 5 ma sink t min to t max 5 5 5 a temperature range specified 0 70 0 70 0 70 c operating ?65 +150 ?65 +150 ?65 +150 c package option 2 to-5 (h-03b) ad581jh ad581kh ad581lh 1 see figure 7. 2 h indicates the hermetic metal can.
ad581 rev. c | page 4 of 12 table 2. model ad581s ad581t ad581u units min typ max min typ max min typ max output voltage tolerance (error from nominal 10,000 v output) 30 10 5 mv output voltage change maximum deviation from +25c 30 15 10 mv value, t min to t max temperature coefficient 30 15 10 ppm/c line regulation 15 v v in 30 v 3.0 3.0 3.0 mv (0.002) (0.002) (0.002) %/v 13 v v in 15 v 1.0 1.0 1.0 mv (0.005) (0.005) (0.005) %/v load regulation 0 i out 5 ma 200 500 200 500 200 500 v/ma quiescent current 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 0.75 1.0 ma turn-on settling time to 0.1% 1 200 200 200 s noise (0.1 hz to 10 hz) 40 40 40 v (p-p) long-term stability 25 25 25 ppm/1000 hr short-circuit current 30 30 30 ma output current source @ +25c 10 10 10 ma source t min to t max 5 5 5 ma sink t min to t max 200 200 200 a sink ?55c to +85c 5 5 5 ma temperature range specified ?55 +125 ?55 +125 ?55 +125 c operating ?65 +150 ?65 +150 ?65 +150 c package option 2 to-5 (h-03b) ad581sh ad581th ad581uh 1 see figure 7. 2 h indicates hermetic metal can.
ad581 rev. c | page 5 of 12 absolute maximum ratings table 3. parameter rating input voltage 40 v power dissipation @ +25c 600 mw operating junction temperature range ?55c to +150c lead temperature (soldering 10 sec) +300c thermal resistance junction-to-ambient 150c/w stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. esd caution
ad581 rev. c | page 6 of 12 applying the ad581 the ad581 is easy to use in virtually all precision reference applications. the three pins are simply: primary supply, ground, and output, with the case grounded. no external components are required even for high precision applications; the degree of desired absolute accuracy is achieved simply by selecting the required device grade. the ad581 requires less than 1 ma quies- cent current from an operating supply range of 13 v to 30 v. +v s v out gnd ad581 10v 13v to 30 v 08014-002 figure 2. pin configuration (bottom view) an external fine trim may be desired to set the output level to exactly 10.000 v within less than a millivolt (calibrated to a main system reference). system calibration may also require a reference slightly different from 10.00 v. in either case, the optional trim circuit shown in figure 3 can offset the output by up to 30 mv (with the 22 resistor), if needed, with minimal effect on other device characteristics. +v s v out 6.8k ? 10k? 4.3k ? gnd ad581 +10v r +15 v ?15v r trim range max tcr 22? 30mv 3.5ppm/c 12? 10mv 2.0ppm/c 3.9 ? 5mv 0.6ppm/c 08014-003 figure 3. optional fi ne trim configuration v+ 10v v? q12 q14 q11 q20 c52 q6 q16 q13 c50 c51 q10 r40 r41 q7 q8 q15 r42 r34 r37 r35 r36 r30 r31 r39 q4 q3 q5 q1q2 r32 r33 0 8014-004 figure 4. simplified schematic voltage variation vs. temperature some confusion exists in the area of defining and specifying reference voltage error over temperature. historically, references have been characterized using a maximum deviation per degree celsius; that is, 10 ppm/c. however, because of nonlinearities in temperature characteristics, which originated in standard zener references (such as s-type characteristics) manufacturers opt for the maximum limit error band approach to specify devices. this technique involves measurement of the output at three, five, or more different temperatures to guarantee that the output voltage falls within the given error band. the temperature charac- teristic of the ad581 consistently follows the s-curve shown in figure 5 . three-point measurement of each device guarantees the error band over the specified temperature range. 10.005 9.995 temperature (c) v out (v) 10.000 ?50?55 ?40 ?30 ?20 ?10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 125 08014-005 figure 5. typical temperature characteristic
ad581 rev. c | page 7 of 12 the error band which is guaranteed with the ad581 is the maximum deviation from the initial value at +25c; this error band is of more use to a designer than one which simply guarantees the maximum total change over the entire range (that is, in the latter definition, all of the changes could occur in the positive direction). thus, with a given grade of the ad581, the designer can easily determine the maximum total error from initial toler- ance plus temperature variation (for example, for the ad581t, the initial tolerance is 10 mv, the temperature error band is 15 mv, thus the unit is guaranteed to be 10.000 v 25 mv from ?55c to +125c). output current characteristics the ad581 has the capability to either source or sink current and provide good load regulation in either direction, although it has better characteristics in the source mode (positive current into the load). the circuit is protected for shorts to either positive supply or ground. the output voltage vs. output current charac- teristics of the device are shown in figure 6 . source current is displayed as negative current in the figure; sink current is positive. note that the short-circuit current (that is, 0 v output) is about 28 ma; when shorted to +15 v, the sink current goes to about 20 ma. ?20 ?15 ?10 ?5 0 5 10 15 20 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 output voltage (v) output current (ma) source sink +v s = 15v t a = 25c 08014-006 figure 6. output voltage vs. sink and source current dynamic performance many low power instrument manufacturers have been in- creasingly concerned with the turn-on characteristics of the components used in their systems. fast turn-on components often enable the end user to keep power off when not needed, and yet respond quickly when the power is turned on for operation. figure 7 displays the turn-on characteristic of the ad581. this characteristic is generated from a cold start operation and repre- sents the true turn-on waveform after an extended period with the supplies off. the figure shows both the coarse and fine transient characteristics of the device; the total settling time to within 10 mv is about 180 s, and there is no long thermal tail appearing after the point. 0 50 100 150 200 250 12 v 11v 10v 20v 10v 0v 10.03v output 10.02v 10.01v 10.00v settling time (s) output input 08014-007 figure 7. output se ttling characteristic 1000 1 10 1m frequency (hz) 100 1k 10k 100k 10 100 noise spectral density (nv/ hz) total noise (v rms) up to specified frequency 08014-008 figure 8. spectral noise density and total rms noise vs. frequency 1000 500 temperature (c) supply current (a) ?50?55 ?40 ?30 ?20 ?10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 125 900 800 700 600 1.5a/c 08014-009 figure 9. quiescent current vs. temperature
ad581 rev. c | page 8 of 12 precision high current supply connection for reduced primary supply the ad581 can be easily connected with power pnp or power darlington pnp devices to provide much greater output current capability. the circuit shown in figure 10 delivers a precision 10 v output with up to 4 a supplied to the load. the 0.1 f capacitor is required only if the load has a significant capacitive component. if the load is purely resistive, improved high frequency supply rejection results from removing the capacitor. whereas line regulation is specified down to 13 v, the typical ad581 works as specified 12 v. the current sink capability allows even lower supply voltage capability such as operation from 12 v 5% as shown in figure 11 . the 560 resistor reduces the current supplied by the ad581 to a manageable level at a full 5 ma load. note that the other band gap references, without current sink capability, may be damaged by use in this circuit configuration. ad581 v in 15 v 470 ? 0.1f +v s v out gnd 2n6040 v out 10v @ 4a 0 8014-010 ad581 gnd +v s v out 12v 5% 10v @ 0ma to 5ma 560? 5% 08014-011 figure 11. 12 v supply connection figure 10. high current precision supply
ad581 rev. c | page 9 of 12 the ad581 as a current limiter the ad581 represents an alternative to current limiter diodes that require factory selection to achieve a desired current. this approach often results in temperature coefficients of 1%/c. the ad581 approach is not limited to a defined set current limit; it can be programmed from 0.75 ma to 5 ma with the insertion of a single external resistor. of course, the minimum voltage required to drive the connection is 13 v. the ad580, which is a 2.5 v reference, can be used in this type of circuit with compliance voltage down to 4.5 v. +v s v out gnd a d581 r load i = r 10v ~ ___ + 0.75ma 10v = bottom view of 10v precision reference circuit in to-5 case 08014-012 figure 12. a two-component precision current limiter negative 10 v reference the ad581 can also be used in a 2-pin zener mode to provide a precision ?10.00 v reference. as shown in figure 13 , the +v s and v out pins are connected together to the high supply (in this case, ground). the ground pin is connected through a resistor to the negative supply. thus, the output is taken from the ground pin instead of v out . with 1 ma flowing through the ad581 in this mode, a typical unit shows a 2 mv increase in output level over that produced in the 3-pin mode. note also that the effective output impedance in this connection increases from 0.2 typical to 2 . it is essential to arrange the output load and the supply resistor, r s , so that the net current through the ad581 is always between 1 ma and 5 ma. for operation to +125c, the net current should be between 2 ma and 5 ma. the temperature characteristics and long-term stability of the device are essentially the same as that of a unit used in the standard 3-pin mode. the ad581 can also be used in a 2-pin mode to develop a positive reference. +v s and v out are tied together and to the positive supply through an appropriate supply resistor. the performance characteristics are similar to those of the negative 2-pin connection. the only advantage of this connection over the standard 3-pin connection is that a lower primary supply can be used, as low as 10.5 v. this type of operation requires con- siderable attention to load and primary supply regulation to maintain the ad581 within its regulating range of 1 ma to 5 ma (2 ma to 5 ma for operation beyond +85c). ad581 gnd +v s v out 0.1f ?15v 1.2k ? 5% v ref ?10v a nalog gnd 0 8014-013 figure 13. 2-pin ?10 v reference 10 v reference with multiplying cmos dacs or adcs the ad581 is ideal for application with the entire ad7533 series of 10- and 12-bit multiplying cmos dacs, especially for low power applications. it is equally suitable for the ad7574 8-bit adc. in the standard hook-up, as shown in figure 15 , the +10 v reference is inverted by the amplifier/dac configuration to produce a 0 v to ?10 v range. if an op1177 amplifier is used, total quiescent supply current is typically 2 ma. if a 0 v to +10 v full-scale range is desired, the ad581 can be connected to the cmos dac in its ?10 v zener mode, as shown in figure 13 (the ?10 v ref output is connected directly to the v ref in of the cmos dac). the ad581 is normally used in the ?10 v mode with the ad7574 to give a 0 v to +10 v adc range. this is shown in figure 15 . bipolar output applications and other operating details can be found in the data sheets for the cmos products. ad581 +15 v +10v v ref in bit 1 (msb) bit 10 (lsb) gnd digital input +15v ?15v v out 0v to ?10v r feedback i out1 i out2 15 14 3 4 5 13 16 1 2 08014-014 figure 14. low power 10-bit cmos dac application precision 12-bit dac reference ad565a, like most dacs, is designed to operate with a +10 v reference element. in the ad565a, this 10 v reference voltage is converted into a reference current of approximately 0.5 ma via the internal 19.95 k resistor (in series with the external 100 trimmer). the gain temperature coefficient of the ad565a is primarily governed by the temperature tracking of the 19.95 k resistor and the 5 k to10 k span resistors; gain tc is guaran- teed to 3 ppm/c. thus, using the ad581l (at 5 ppm/c) as the
ad581 rev. c | page 10 of 12 10 v reference guarantees a maximum full-scale temperature coefficient of 8 ppm/c over the commercial range. the 10 v reference also supplies the normal 1 ma bipolar offset current through the 9.95 k bipolar offset resistor. consequently, the bipolar offset tc depends only on tc matching of the bipolar offset resistor to the input reference resistor and is guaranteed to 3 ppm/c. 1 18 2 3 4 5 ad7574 (top view) ad581 digital supply return ground intertie analog ground analog supply return r3 1.2k ? 5% gnd +v s v out 0.1f +5 v ? 15 v ?10v ref r1 1k ? 10% 1 gain trim 1 r2 2k ? signal input 0v to +10v 1 r1 and r2 can be omitted if gain trim is not required. 08014-015 figure 15. ad581 as ?10 v reference for cmos adc pnp logic switches and level shifters 0.1f 0.1f op1177 op amp output 5k? (8k ? ) a 5k? (8k ? ) r4 20k? , 15t r3 3.0m ? 9.950k ? (15.95k) control amp control amp summing junction 100? , 15t r2 gain adj. 10v v out r1 100? , 15t bipolar offset adj. gnd 19.95k ? 0.5ma ?15v ad565a +15v ?15v unipolar offset adj. a = analog ground 24 bit 1 (msb) 23 bit 2 22 bit 3 21 bit 4 20 bit 5 19 bit 6 18 bit 7 17 bit 8 16 bit 9 15 bit 10 14 bit 11 13 2 3 11 10 9 12 8 7 bit 12 (lsb) 2 1 6 4 5 3 a ? 15 v +5v/+15 v +15v +v s ad581 08014-016 figure 16. precision 12-bit dac
ad581 rev. c | page 11 of 12 030309-a controlling dimensions are in inches; millimeter dimensions (in parentheses) are rounded-off inch equivalents for reference only and are not appropriate for use in design. outline dimensions 0.185 (4.70) 0.165 (4.19) 0.500 (12.70) min 0.019 (0.48) 0.016 (0.41) 0.030 (0.76) max 0.335 (8.51) 0.305 (7.75) 0.370 (9.40) 0.335 (8.51) 0.100 (2.54) typ 0.034 (0.86) 0.028 (0.71) 0.045 (1.14) 0.029 (0.74) 3 1 0.200 (5.08) typ 45 2 base & seating plane figure 17. 3-pin metal header package [to-5] (h-03b) dimensions shown in inches and (millimeters) ordering guide model temperature range package description package option ad581jh 1 0c to +70c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b ad581kh 1 0c to +70c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b ad581lh 1 0c to +70c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b ad581sh 1 ?55c to +125c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b ad581th 1 ?55c to +125c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b ad581uh 1 ?55c to +125c 3-pin metal header package (to-5) h-03b 1 rohs compliant model as of date code 0713.
ad581 rev. c | page 12 of 12 notes ?2009 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the prop erty of their respective owners. d08014-0-4/09 (c)

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